Chapter 4: Creating a new project

Up until now we’ve used the crystal command to only run our code.

Actually crystal command is pretty useful and does lot more than that. (check crystal --helpfor more)

For example we can use it to create a new Crystal project.

$ crystal init app sample
  create  sample/.gitignore
  create  sample/.editorconfig
  create  sample/LICENSE
  create  sample/README.md
  create  sample/shard.yml
  create  sample/src/sample.cr
  create  sample/spec/spec_helper.cr
  create  sample/spec/sample_spec.cr
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/serdar/crystal_for_rubyists/code/04/sample/.git/

Awesome. crystal helped us create a new project. Let’s see what it did for us.

• Created a new folder named sample

• Created a LICENSE

• Created shard.yml for dependency management.

• Initialized an empty Git repository

• Created a README for our project

• Created src and spec folders to put our code and tests(ssh..we’ll talk about it soon) in it.

Let’s run it.

$ cd sample
$ crystal src/sample.cr

Nothing! Yay :)

Now that we create our first project. Let’s use some external libraries.

Using Shards for dependency management

To manage dependencies of a project we use shards. shards is like bundler and shard.yml is like Gemfile.

• awesome-crystal has a curated list of Crystal shards.

• crystalshards.org lists all of the available Crystal shards on GitHub (similar to rubygems.org)

• Here is a list of some popular Ruby gems that have been ported to Crystal.

Let’s open up shard.yml.

name: sample
version: 0.1.0

authors:
  - sdogruyol <[email protected]>

targets:
  sample:
    main: src/sample.cr

crystal: 1.5.0

license: MIT

This is a default shard.yml and it contains the minimal necessary information about our project. Those are

• name specifies the name of the project

• version specifies the version of the project. Crystal itself uses semver for version management so it’s a good convention for you to follow.

• authors section specifies the authors of the project. By default this is taken from your global git configuration.

• crystal specifies the version of Crystal that the project is using.

• license specifies the type of your project license. By default this is MIT.

Okay. That’s great but what can we do with this shard.yml? Well we can use this file to add external libraries(we call it dependency) and manage them without even worrying about any folders / paths e.g.. Sweet isn’t it?

Now that we know the true power of shards let’s add Kemal to our shard.yml and build a simple web application :)

Open up shard.yml. First we need to add Kemal as a dependency to our project. We do this by including

dependencies:
  kemal:
    github: kemalcr/kemal
    version: 1.2.0

That’s great! Now we added Kemal to our project. First, we need to install it.

$ shards install
Resolving dependencies
Fetching https://github.com/kemalcr/kemal.git
Fetching https://github.com/luislavena/radix.git
Fetching https://github.com/crystal-loot/exception_page.git
Fetching https://github.com/sija/backtracer.cr.git
Installing radix (0.4.1)
Installing backtracer (1.2.1)
Installing exception_page (0.2.2)
Installing kemal (1.2.0)
Writing shard.lock

Okay now we are ready to use Kemal in our project. Open up src/sample.cr

require "kemal"

module Sample

  get "/" do
    "Hello World!"
  end

end

Kemal.run

Look how we used require to access Kemal in our program.

Let’s run.

$ crystal src/sample.cr
[development] Kemal is ready to lead at http://0.0.0.0:3000

Go to localhost:3000 and see it in action!

Now you know how to add dependencies and use others’ shards :)